Spectroscopy

어원(etymology)

spectro (Latin from spectrum, "appearance") + scope (Greek, "examine, inspect") 


형광의 관찰 

영국의 John. F. W. Herschel (1792 - 1871)이 1845년 quinine 을 포함한 tonic water를 관찰하던 중 빛이 입사된 방향에 수직 방향으로 관찰할 경우 푸른 색의 발광을 관찰하여서 이를 보고함. 특히 자외선을 쪼여 줄 경우 푸른 색의 빛이 선명해 짐.

아일랜드 과학자인 George. G. Stokes (1819 - 1903)는 1852년 발광의 에너지가 입사광의 에너지보다 낮아짐을 관찰함. 마찬가지로 quinine 용액을 관찰하였는데, 광원 햇빛을 400nm 이하의 빛만 통과시키는 blue glass filter에 통과시켜서 용액에 쪼여준 후 관찰시에는 눈 앞에 yellow glass(of wine) filter를 써서 입사광을 제외한 발광을 관찰함.


참고: Quinine | The Mole | RSC Education , Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy | Joseph R. Lakowicz | Springer 

In 1665 Newton had started his famous experiments on the dispersion of white light into a range of colours using a triangular glass prism. 

However, it was not until about 1860 that Bunsen and Kirchhoff began to develop the prism spectroscope as an integrated unit for use as an analytical instrument. Early applications were the observation of the emission spectra of various samples in a flame, the origin of flame tests for various elements, and of the sun.

The visible spectrum of atomic hydrogen had been observed both in the solar spectrum and in an electrical discharge in molecular hydrogen many years earlier, but it was not until 1885 that Balmer fitted the resulting series of lines to a mathematical formula

… from 1926 onwards, Schrodinger developed quantum mechanics. Even after this breakthrough, the importance of which

It was only from about 1960 onwards that the situation changed as a result of the availability of large, fast computers requiring many fewer approximations to be made.

참고: "Moder Spectroscopy" by J. M. Hollas